PERAN ULAMA TERHADAP SIKAP POLITIK MASYARAKAT DI KABUPATEN BIREUEN PROVINSI ACEH

Munandar, Teuku Haris and Wenggi, Karolina R. S. (2025) PERAN ULAMA TERHADAP SIKAP POLITIK MASYARAKAT DI KABUPATEN BIREUEN PROVINSI ACEH. Diploma thesis, Institut Pemerintahan Dalam Negeri.

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Abstract

Political participation in religious regions such as Bireuen Regency represents a complex phenomenon, closely tied to the central role of Islamic clerics (ulama). Religious identity, social inequality, and the dynamics of religion-based political parties shape a unique political space where ulama often stand at the intersection of moral and political interests. Purpose: This study aims to comprehensively analyze the political role of ulama in the local elections of Bireuen using six role dimensions: role expectation, role perception, role behavior, role performance, role conflict, and role ambiguity. Methods: This study employs a qualitative approach with a case study method to deeply explore the role of ulama in shaping the political attitudes of society in Bireuen Regency. Biddle’s Role Theory (1986) serves as the analytical framework, covering six key dimensions: role expectation, role perception, role behavior, role performance, role conflict, and role ambiguity. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation involving seven purposively selected informants, including the head of MPU, academics, political actors, and community members. Data analysis was conducted inductively through stages of data reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. Results/Findings: The findings reveal that ulama in Bireuen are perceived not only as spiritual leaders but also as political actors who influence voter alignment. While the public expects them to uphold political morality, in practice, role conflicts and ambiguities emerge due to pragmatic pressures and political affiliations. Conclusion: The political role of ulama in Bireuen’s electoral politics is dynamic and multidimensional. As public expectations collide with political realities, ulama face significant challenges in maintaining a balance between moral authority and political engagement. This study recommends the formulation of a code of ethics governing ulama participation in politics to prevent social polarization and preserve trust in religious institutions. Keywords: Role of Ulama, Political Attitude, Bireuen Society, Islamic Politics Partisipasi politik masyarakat di daerah religius seperti Kabupaten Bireuen merupakan fenomena kompleks yang tidak dapat dilepaskan dari peran sentral para ulama. Identitas keagamaan, ketimpangan sosial, dan dinamika partai berbasis agama membentuk ruang politik yang unik, di mana ulama sering kali berada di persimpangan antara kepentingan moral dan politik. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara komprehensif peran politik ulama dalam pemilihan kepala daerah di Kabupaten Bireuen, menggunakan enam dimensi peran: role expectation, role perception, role behavior, role performance, role conflict, dan role ambiguity. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus, bertujuan menggali secara mendalam peran ulama dalam membentuk sikap politik masyarakat di Kabupaten Bireuen. Teori peran dari Biddle (1986) digunakan sebagai kerangka analisis dengan enam dimensi utama: role expectation, role perception, role behavior, role performance, role conflict, dan role ambiguity. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan dokumentasi terhadap tujuh informan kunci yang dipilih secara purposif, termasuk Ketua MPU, akademisi, tokoh partai, dan masyarakat. Analisis dilakukan secara induktif melalui tahapan reduksi, penyajian, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil/Temuan: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ulama di Bireuen tidak hanya diposisikan sebagai pemimpin spiritual, tetapi juga aktor politik yang memengaruhi arah dukungan pemilih. Terdapat ekspektasi tinggi dari masyarakat agar ulama tetap menjaga moralitas politik, namun pada praktiknya muncul ambiguitas dan konflik peran akibat tekanan pragmatis dan afiliasi politik tertentu. Kesimpulan: peran ulama dalam politik elektoral di Bireuen bersifat dinamis dan multidimensi. Ketika ekspektasi masyarakat bertemu dengan realitas politik, ulama menghadapi tantangan besar untuk menjaga keseimbangan antara otoritas moral dan efektivitas politik. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan perlunya kode etik peran ulama dalam politik agar tidak terjadi polarisasi sosial dan krisis kepercayaan terhadap institusi keagamaan. Kata Kunci: Peran Ulama, Sikap Politik, Masyarakat Bireuen, Politik Islam

Item Type:	Thesis (Diploma)
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > H Social Sciences (General)
Divisions:	Campus > IPDN Kampus Jatinangor
Depositing User:	Politik Indonesia Terapan
Date Deposited:	19 Jun 2025 07:42
Last Modified:	19 Jun 2025 07:42
URI:	http://eprints.ipdn.ac.id/id/eprint/24714

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